Purines and their derivatives, most notably adenosine and ATP, are the key molecules
controlling intracellular energy homoeostasis and nucleotide synthesis. Besides, these …

NAD+ was discovered during yeast fermentation, and since its discovery, its important roles
in redox metabolism, aging, and longevity, the immune system and DNA repair have been …

Naive T cells are actively maintained in a quiescent state that promotes their survival and
persistence. On antigen stimulation, T cells exit quiescence to initiate clonal expansion and …

The extracellular nucleoside adenosine reduces tissue inflammation and is generated by
irreversible dephosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) mediated by the …

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nicotinate
phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT) are two intracellular enzymes that catalyze the first step …

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein functions and interactions. ADP-
ribosylation is a PTM, in which ADP-ribosyltransferases use nicotinamide adenine …

This review article provides a historical perspective on the role of purinergic signalling in the
regulation of various subsets of immune cells from early discoveries to current …

The membrane proteins CD38 and CD157 belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of
enzymes that play crucial roles in human physiology. Expressed in distinct patterns in most …

Antibodies are important tools for experimental research and medical applications. Most
antibodies are composed of two heavy and two light chains. Both chains contribute to the …

Simple Summary The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a cell membrane protein whose
activation has been related to a variety of cellular processes, while its dysregulation has …