The purpose of this review is to summarize recent literature on the use of concurrent‐chains
arrangements in the assessment of preference for interventions (or intervention …

Contingent positive reinforcement has proven more effective in treating escape‐maintained
problem behavior than contingent negative reinforcement, particularly when problem …

Token reinforcement systems have been applied across various clinical and educational
settings. Although effective across various contexts, limited guidance is available for …

Abstract Changes in token exchange-production schedules may alter behavior when token-
production schedules and token-exchange schedules are held constant. Although research …

Token reinforcement procedures are used to increase appropriate behavior (eg, completion
of instructional tasks) and decrease problem behavior (eg, aggression) in a wide array of …

Token systems have been implemented to change behavior across species and settings.
Token systems involve token-production, exchange-production, and token-exchange …

Emotional behavior disorders (EBDs) are becoming increasingly more common in schools
(Forness et al., 2012). Challenging behavior can negatively impact a teacher's …

Discrete trial training (DTT), an evidence-based instructional procedure (Wong et al., 2015),
is often used to teach skills to individuals with autism. Manipulations to the reinforcement …

Though effective classroom management can increase student academic achievement and
decrease disruptive behavior (eg, Beaman & Wheldall, 2000; Marzano et al., 2003), many …

Nonhuman organisms tend to prefer variable-amount (VA) token delivery relative to fixed-
amount (FA) token delivery in token-reinforcement contexts, even when VA delivery is …