Increasing evidence indicates that ovarian hormones affect brain structure, chemistry and
function of women in their reproductive age, potentially shaping their behavior and mental …

Observations of the disproportionate incidence of depression in women compared with men
have long preceded the recent explosion of interest in sex differences. Nonetheless, the …

In this article, we examine evidence supporting the role of reproductive steroids in the
regulation of mood and behavior in women and the nature of that role. In the first half of the …

Fluctuations in progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) across the menstrual cycle can exert
direct effects on biological systems implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders and represent a …

The female reproductive years are characterized by fluctuations in ovarian hormones across
the menstrual cycle, which have the potential to modulate neurophysiological and …

Steroid hormones influence different aspects of brain function, including development,
neurogenesis, neuronal excitability, and plasticity, thus affecting emotional states, cognition …

The brain responds differently to environmental and internal signals that relate to the stage
of development of neural systems. While genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to a …

Background Reward seeking and avoidance of punishment are key motivational processes.
Brain-imaging studies often use the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT) to evaluate …

Hormonal contraceptives are frequently prescribed drugs among women, mainly for their
reversible contraceptive purposes but also for beneficial effects in some gynecological …

Sensation seeking has been found to increase, on average, from childhood to adolescence.
Developmental scientists have hypothesized that this change could be driven by the rise of …