The intracellular environment represents an extremely crowded milieu, with a limited amount
of free water and an almost complete lack of unoccupied space. Obviously, slightly salted …

In recent years, better instrumentation and greater computing power have enabled the
imaging of elusive biomolecule dynamics in cells, driving many advances in understanding …

Background The environment inside cells in which proteins fold and function are quite
different from that of the dilute buffer solutions often used during in vitro experiments. The …

The structural properties of water molecules surrounding TMAO molecules are studied using
a newly developed atomistic force field for TMAO, combined with a multiscale coarse …

The crowdedness of living cells, hundreds of milligrams per milliliter of macromolecules,
may affect protein folding, function, and misfolding. Still, such processes are most often …

Proteins fold and function inside cells which are environments very different from that of
dilute buffer solutions most often used in traditional experiments. The crowded milieu results …

Biomolecules perform their various functions in living cells, namely in an environment that is
crowded by many macromolecules. Thus, simulating the dynamics and interactions of …

Long accepted as the most important interaction, recent work shows that steric repulsions
alone cannot explain the effects of macromolecular cosolutes on the equilibrium …

The reaction of macromolecules such as enzymes and antibodies with cell surfaces is often
an inefficient process, requiring large amounts of expensive reagent. Here we report a …

Metamorphic proteins such as circadian clock protein KaiB and human chemokine XCL1
play vital roles in regulating biological processes, including gene expression, circadian …