Statistics from the NHS Blood and Transplant Annual Review show that total organ
transplants have increased to 4213 in 2012, while the number of people waiting to receive …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) refer to a cluster of neurodevelopmental conditions associated
with failure of neural tube closure during embryonic development. Worldwide prevalence of …

Once damaged, cardiac muscle has little intrinsic repair capability due to the poor
regeneration potential of remaining cardiomyocytes. One method of overcoming this issue is …

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) have multiple etiologies and likely result from an interplay between
genetic and environmental factors. Within the last decade, studies have implicated specific …

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are one of the most common types of structural birth defects. The
etiologies are complicated, involving with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors …

Orofacial clefts of the lip and palate are widely recognized to result from complex gene–
environment interactions, but inadequate understanding of environmental risk factors has …

Orofacial cleft (OFC) anomalies are amongst the most common congenital anomalies and
the most common craniofacial anomalies. Despite their poorly characterized etiologies …

Introduction 3. DNA methylation 3.1. Enzymes associated with dna methylation 3.2. DNA
demethylation 3.3. DNA methylation and gene expression 3.4. DNA methylation, genomic …

Orofacial clefts occur with a frequency of 1 to 2 per 1000 live births. Cleft palate, which
accounts for 30% of orofacial clefts, is caused by the failure of the secondary palatal …

Background In addition to genomic risk variants and environmental influences, increasing
evidence suggests epigenetic modifications are important for orofacial development and …