Orofacial clefts (OFCs) rank as the second most common congenital birth defect in the
United States after Down syndrome and are the most common head and neck congenital …

Isolated cleft palate (CPO) is the rarest form of oral clefting. The incidence of CPO varies
substantially by geography from 1.3 to 25.3 per 10,000 live births, with the highest rates in …

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common anatomical malformation occurring live‐
born infants and an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality across the lifespan and …

The epithelial and mesenchymal cells involved in early embryonic facial development are
guided by complex regulatory mechanisms. Any factor perturbing the growth, approach and …

Obesity has increased dramatically in the United States over the last several decades. 1 In
1990, states with the highest rates of obesity approached 15%. Today, approximately two …

Background: Long-term trends mask critical recent dynamics in the prevalence of under-and
overweight. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare annualized prevalence …

Background Most studies of childhood malnutrition in low‐and middle‐income countries
(LMICs) focus on children< 5 years, with few focusing on adolescence, a critical stage in …

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a common surgical cause of vomiting in infants. Following
appropriate fluid resuscitation, the mainstay of treatment is pyloromyotomy. This article …

Importance Maternal diabetes and overweight or obesity are known to be associated with
increased risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in offspring, but there are no large studies …

STUDY QUESTION Do paternal and maternal lifestyle factors influence the risk of
hypertensive pregnancy complications, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), spontaneous …