Abstract Purpose of Review Accumulating research indicates that ambient outdoor air
pollution impacts the brain and may affect neurodegenerative diseases, yet the potential …

Microglial cells are the immune cells in the CNS and represent approximately 10% of the
total brain cell population. Their morphologic characterization by Pio del Rio-Hortega was …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common and most aggressive form of adult
motor neuron (MN) degeneration. The cause of the disease is still unknown, but some …

Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system as well as in peripheral
tissues. Emerging evidence however points to DA also as a key transmitter between the …

Astrocyte responses to neuronal injury may be beneficial or detrimental to neuronal
recovery, but the mechanisms that determine these different responses are poorly …

In recent years, biomedical research efforts aimed to unravel the mechanisms involved in
motor neuron death that occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). While the main …

Inflammation and oxidative stress are thought to play determinant roles in the pathogenesis
of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Degenerating motor neurons produce signals that …

An extensive microglial-astrocyte-monocyte-neuronal cross talk seems to be crucial for
normal brain function, development, and recovery. However, under certain conditions …

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common degenerative movement disorder, is
clinically manifested with various motor and non-motor symptoms. Degeneration of midbrain …

This is a phase I, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose safety and tolerability study of
NP001 in patients with ALS. NP001 is a novel regulator of inflammatory macrophages and …