Neurotransmitters are molecules that amplify, transmit, and convert signals in cells, having
an essential role in information transmission throughout the nervous system. Hundreds of …

The imbalance between glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) results in the loss of
synaptic strength leading to neurodegeneration. The dogma on the field considered neurons …

Abstract γ-Aminobutyrate (GAB), the biochemical form of (GABA) γ-aminobutyric acid,
participates in shaping physiological processes, including the immune response. How GAB …

The gut-associated lymphoid tissue is a primary activation site for immune responses to
infection and immunomodulation. Experimental evidence using animal disease models …

The gut–brain axis refers to the bidirectional communication between the enteric nervous
system and the central nervous system. Mounting evidence supports the premise that the …

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) offers a growing variety of methods for
querying potential diagnostic biomarkers of multiple sclerosis in living central nervous …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous
system (CNS) resulting in demyelination and axonal loss in the brain and spinal cord. The …

Recent literature indicates a potential importance of the gut microbiota for immune‐mediated
diseases. For instance, decreased diversity of commensals or an outgrowth of some …

Differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs)
is a key event for axonal myelination in the central nervous system (CNS). Several growth …

In the past years, several theories have been advanced to explain the pathogenesis of Major
Depressive Disorder (MDD), a neuropsychiatric disease that causes disability in general …