Humans do not integrate new information objectively: outcomes carrying a positive affective
value and evidence confirming one's own prior belief are overweighed. Until recently …

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has a near-ubiquitous presence in the
neuroscience of cognitive control. It has been implicated in a diversity of functions, from …

We revisit our hypothesis that drug addiction can be viewed as the endpoint of a series of
transitions from initial voluntarily drug use to habitual, and ultimately compulsive drug use …

To better understand the reward circuitry in human brain, we conducted activation likelihood
estimation (ALE) and parametric voxel-based meta-analyses (PVM) on 142 neuroimaging …

Compared with reward seeking, punishment avoidance learning is less clearly understood
at both the computational and neurobiological levels. Here we demonstrate, using …

Instrumental learning involves corticostriatal circuitry and the dopaminergic system. This
system is typically modeled in the reinforcement learning (RL) framework by incrementally …

Hard-wired, Pavlovian, responses elicited by predictions of rewards and punishments exert
significant benevolent and malevolent influences over instrumentally-appropriate actions …

Anhedonia (hyposensitivity to rewards) and negative bias (hypersensitivity to punishments)
are core features of major depressive disorder (MDD), which could stem from abnormal …

A dysregulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system in schizophrenia patients may lead to
aberrant attribution of incentive salience and contribute to the emergence of …

Subjects with schizophrenia are impaired at reinforcement-driven reversal learning from as
early as their first episode. The neurobiological basis of this deficit is unknown. We obtained …