Many studies have been undertaken to reveal how tobacco smoke skews immune
responses contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Cigarette smoking is associated with numerous diseases and poses a serious challenge to
the current healthcare system worldwide. Smoking impacts both innate and adaptive …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease and a growing health
concern, especially in children, because of its high prevalence and associated low quality of …

Allergic diseases are on the rise in the Western world and well-known allergy-protecting and-
driving factors such as microbial and dietary exposure, pollution and smoking mediate their …

Allergic disease prevalence has increased significantly in recent decades. Primary
prevention efforts are being guided by study of the exposome (or collective environmental …

Environmental exposures during pregnancy that alter both the maternal gut microbiome and
the infant's risk of allergic disease and asthma include a traditional farm environment and …

Atopic eczema (AE) is a challenge for modern medicine, because it is prevalent, severely
affects quality of life of patients and their families, and causes high socioeconomic costs. The …

Tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure during prenatal and postnatal life can impair lung
development, alter the immune response to viral infections, and increase the prevalence of …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by a combination of
genetic and environmental factors. Genetic evidences depict a complex network comprising …

Background Vitamin D levels are known to be associated with atopic disease development;
however, existing data are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether …