An aging world population exposed to a sedentary life style is currently plagued by chronic
metabolic diseases, such as type-2 diabetes, that are spreading worldwide at an …

Despite the fact that there is still insufficient evidence to consider non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease (NAFLD) as an stand-alone indication for bariatric surgery, many clinical and …

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is one of the most effective and durable therapies for
morbid obesity and its related complications. Although bile acids (BAs) have been …

Bariatric surgery improves both insulin sensitivity and secretion and can induce diabetes
remission. However, the mechanisms and time courses of these changes, particularly the …

The effects of bile acids (BAs) on liver, enteroendocrine function, small intestine, and brown
adipose tissue have been described extensively. Outside the liver, BAs in the peripheral …

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) induces weight loss-independent improvements in glucose
homeostasis by unknown mechanisms. We sought to identify the metabolic adaptations …

Bile acids (BAs) are pleiotropic regulators of metabolism. Elevated levels of hepatic and
circulating BAs improve energy metabolism in peripheral organs, but the precise …

Bile acids (BAs) are originally known as detergents essential for the digestion and
absorption of lipids. In recent years, extensive research has unveiled new functions of BAs …

Objectives Glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex are essential for the maintenance
of metabolic homeostasis. Glucocorticoid activation is catalysed by 11β-hydroxysteroid …

The origin of bariatric surgery largely is rooted in empiricism. The early search for their
mechanisms similarly was guided by anatomic understandings alone. Bariatric operations …