Dopamine is derived from an amino acid, phenylalanine, which must be obtained through
the diet. Dopamine, known primarily to be a neurotransmitter involved in almost any higher …

The variety of physiological functions controlled by dopamine in the brain and periphery is
mediated by the D 1, D 2, D 3, D 4 and D 5 dopamine GPCRs. Drugs acting on dopamine …

Dopamine is well recognized as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and regulates critical
functions in a variety of peripheral systems. Growing research has also shown that …

The introduction of atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) since the discovery of its prototypical drug
clozapine has been a revolutionary pharmacological step for treating psychotic patients as …

Cell membrane receptors rarely work on isolation, often they form oligomeric complexes with
other receptor molecules and they may directly interact with different proteins of the signal …

The introduction of allosteric receptor–receptor interactions in G protein-coupled receptor
(GPCR) heteroreceptor complexes of the central nervous system (CNS) gave a new …

The pharmacological modification of dopamine transmission has long been employed as a
therapeutic tool in the treatment of many mental health disorders. However, as many of the …

The functional and pharmacological significance of the dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) has
remained the least well understood of all the dopamine receptor subtypes. Even more …

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) play critical roles in cellular processes and signaling
and have been shown to form heteromers with diverge biochemical and/or pharmacological …

There is serious interest in understanding the dynamics of the receptor–receptor and
receptor–protein interactions in space and time and their integration in GPCR …