The study of individual behavioral variation, sometimes called animal personalities or
behavioral types, is now a well-established area of research in behavioral ecology and …

Animal tracking and biologging devices record large amounts of data on individual
movement behaviors in natural environments. In these data, movement ecologists often view …

Research focusing on among‐individual differences in behaviour ('animal personality') has
been blooming for over a decade. Central theories explaining the maintenance of such …

The idea that individual differences in behavior and physiology can be partly understood by
linking them to a fast-slow continuum of life history strategies has become popular in the …

Organisms use labile traits to respond to different conditions over short time‐scales. When a
population experiences the same conditions, we might expect all individuals to adjust their …

Within populations, individuals often show repeatable variation in behaviour, called 'animal
personality'. In the last few decades, numerous empirical studies have attempted to …

Adaptive integration of life history and behaviour is expected to result in variation in the pace‐
of‐life. Previous work focused on whether 'risky'phenotypes live fast but die young, but …

Heterogeneous selection is often proposed as a key mechanism maintaining repeatable
behavioral variation (“animal personality”) in wild populations. Previous studies largely …

General intelligence has been a topic of high interest for over a century. Traditionally,
research on general intelligence was based on principal component analyses and other …

Whether animal personality studies provide insights of broader evolutionary and ecological
relevance to the field of behavioural ecology is frequently questioned. One of the sources of …