Land surface models (LSMs) are a vital tool for understanding, projecting, and predicting the
dynamics of the land surface and its role within the Earth system, under global change …

The land surface is a key component of climate models. It controls the partitioning of
available energy at the surface between sensible and latent heat, and it controls the …

ERA-Interim/Land is a global land surface reanalysis data set covering the period 1979–
2010. It describes the evolution of soil moisture, soil temperature and snowpack. ERA …

A new version of the general circulation model CNRM-CM has been developed jointly by
CNRM-GAME (Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques—Groupe d'études de …

This report is the first complete assessment of the science of climate change since Working
Group I (WGI) of the IPCC produced its second report Climate Change 1995: The Science of …

Detailed studies of snow cover processes require models that offer a fine description of the
snow cover properties. The detailed snowpack model Crocus is such a scheme, and has …

Regional climate models (RCMs) have been developed and extensively applied for
dynamically downscaling coarse resolution information from different sources, such as …

The 12 weather and climate models participating in the Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling
Experiment (GLACE) show both a wide variation in the strength of land–atmosphere …

Climate models have evolved into Earth system models with representation of the physics,
chemistry, and biology of terrestrial ecosystems. This companion book to Gordon Bonan's …

JSBACH is the land component of the atmospheric component ECHAM [55], and thereby
part of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM)[89]. Historically, JSBACH …