Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by an enduring propensity for
generation of seizures. The pathogenic processes of seizure generation and recurrence are …

Increasing evidence corroborates the fundamental role of neuroinflammation in the
development of epilepsy. Proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) are crucial contributors to the …

Pyroptosis ('fiery death') is an inflammatory type of regulated cell death (RCD), which occurs
downstream of inflammasome activation. Pyroptosis is mediated directly by the recently …

Epilepsy is the tendency to have unprovoked epileptic seizures. Anything causing structural
or functional derangement of brain physiology may lead to seizures, and different conditions …

Neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are rapidly induced in the
brain after acute cerebral injuries that are associated with an enhanced risk for epilepsy in …

Rationally designed multi-target drugs (also termed multimodal drugs, network therapeutics,
or designed multiple ligands) have emerged as an attractive drug discovery paradigm in the …

Inflammation is a pivotal response to a variety of stimuli, and inflammatory molecules such
as cytokines have central roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including bone and …

Epilepsy therapy is based on antiseizure drugs that treat the symptom, seizures, rather than
the disease and are ineffective in up to 30% of patients. There are no treatments for …

Accumulating evidence indicates an important pathophysiological role of brain inflammation
in epilepsy. In this review, we will provide an update of specific inflammatory pathways that …

Activation of microglia and expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the
CNS have become almost synonymous with neuroinflammation. In numerous studies …