T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

In chronic infection, inflammation and cancer, the tissue microenvironment controls how
local immune cells behave, with tissue-resident fibroblasts emerging as a key cell type in …

Abstract γδ T cells are a unique T cell subpopulation that are rare in secondary lymphoid
organs but enriched in many peripheral tissues, such as the skin, intestines and lungs. By …

Recent transcriptomic, histological and functional studies have begun to shine light on the
fibroblasts present in the meninges, choroid plexus and perivascular spaces of the brain and …

B cells represent a relatively minor cell population within both the healthy and diseased
central nervous system (CNS), yet they can have profound effects. This is emphasized in …

IL-17 is a highly versatile pro-inflammatory cytokine crucial for a variety of processes,
including host defense, tissue repair, the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease and the …

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues that drive antigen-specific
immune responses at sites of chronic inflammation. Unlike secondary lymphoid organs such …

Leptomeninges, consisting of the pia mater and arachnoid, form a connective tissue
investment and barrier enclosure of the brain. The exact nature of leptomeningeal cells has …

The success of clinical trials of selective B‐cell depletion in patients with relapsing multiple
sclerosis (MS) and primary progressive MS has led to a conceptual shift in the …

Neuroimmunology, albeit a relatively established discipline, has recently sparked numerous
exciting findings on microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system …