A review of the evidence leaves no doubt election campaigns do matter in a variety of
important ways. The serious questions concern when, where, why, how, for what, and for …

As interest in political incivility has grown, scholarly conceptualizations of incivility have
diverged, often centering on politeness theory or deliberative theory, but rarely on both. The …

Turn on the television or sign in to social media during election season and chances are
you'll see plenty of negative campaigning. For decades, conventional wisdom has held that …

Political interest is one of the most consistent predictors of political participation, but little
research has examined how it develops. This study explores adolescents' political interest …

Prior work finds that voters punish candidates for sponsoring attack ads. What remains
unknown is the extent to which a negative ad is more effective if it is sponsored by a party or …

This study synthesizes two theoretical literatures to explain gender differences in Twitter
usage and effectiveness among US Congressional candidates. The first suggests that …

Scholars have access to a rich source of political discourse via social media. Although
computational approaches to understand this communication are being used, they tend to …

We develop and test a theory of gendered political times, which argues that the gendered
political climate during an election shapes the extent to which female candidates emphasize …

Political campaigns have a temporal nature, which means that the strategic environment
shapes the nature of candidate communication, especially the stages of campaigning—from …

Which types of political ads are most likely to draw criticism from fact-checkers? Are fact-
checkers consistent in their evaluations of political ads? Examining general election …