In tunneling practices, it is vital to have an accurate estimate of the depth of embedment of
the tunnel; lining thickness and shape of the tunnel, which enables resisting of stresses; and …

The presence of a soft soil layer can influence the propagation of incoming wave from the
bedrock, undoubtedly modifying the ground motions and soil dynamic behavior. Despite its …

Traffic congestion and environmental factors in urban areas have increased the use of
underground structures such as tunnels. The protection of these tunnels is therefore crucial …

Tunnels constructed in soft soils are vulnerable to earthquake-induced ground shaking in
seismically active regions. Since typically the tunnelling depth is shallow and lies within the …

A tunnel is an underground horizontal passage that is constructed to provide services such
as transportation, storage places, water, wastewater lines, and the like. Since the tunneling …

Seismic evaluation of underground structures such as tunnels requires nonlinear dynamic
analysis, due to the complex dynamic behavior of soil and the interaction of soil and …

The number of artificial sources of ground-borne vibrations is escalating with an increase in
the construction activities of rail and road traffic systems. These ground-borne vibrations may …

ارزیابی دقیق لرزه‌ای سازه های زیرزمینی نظیر تونل ها به دلیل رفتار پیچیده دینامیکی خاک و
اندرکنش خاک و سازه نیازمند به تحلیل های دینامیکی می‌باشد. استفاده از آنالیز دینامیکی در …‎

Exact seismic evaluation of underground structures such as tunnels requires dynamic
analysis, due to the complex dynamic behavior of soil and the interaction of soil and …