Anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women than in men. In women the menstrual cycle
introduces another variable; indeed, some conditions eg, premenstrual syndrome, are …

Euthanasia is one of the most commonly performed procedures in biomedical research,
involving tens of millions of animals in North America and Europe every year. The use of …

The optimal choice of euthanasia method for laboratory rodents depends on a number of
factors, including the scientific goals of the study, the need to minimize animal pain and/or …

Selecting an appropriate, effective euthanasia agent is controversial. Several recent
publications provide clarity on the use of CO2 in laboratory rats and mice. This review …

Simple Summary The present study aimed to assess the infrared thermal response of
laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) during the application of six euthanasia methods …

In the European Union (EU) millions of laboratory mice are used and killed for experimental
and other scientific purposes each year. Although controversially discussed, the use of …

Background: Due the increasing need for storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) more individuals
are prone to be exposed to high concentrations of CO2 accidentally released into …

Abstract The serotonin (5-HT) system is heavily implicated in the regulation of anxiety and
trauma-related disorders such as panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder …

Orexin neurons originating in the perifornical and lateral hypothalamic area are highly
reactive to anxiogenic stimuli and have strong projections to anxiety and panic-associated …

Background: There has been increased concern about the suitability of CO2 as a method for
euthanasia of laboratory mice and rats, including the potential discomfort, pain or distress …