This review focuses on key components of respiratory and photosynthetic energy-
transduction systems: the cytochrome bc 1 and b 6 f (Cyt bc 1/b 6 f) membranous …

When photosynthetic organisms are exposed to abiotic stress, their photosynthetic activity is
significantly depressed. In particular, photosystem II (PSII) in the photosynthetic machinery is …

Ferredoxin (Fd) is a small [2Fe‐2S] cluster‐containing protein found in all organisms
performing oxygenic photosynthesis. Fd is the first soluble acceptor of electrons on the …

Photosynthesis started to evolve some 3.5 billion years ago CO2 is the substrate for
photosynthesis and in the past 200–250 years, atmospheric levels have approximately …

The wheat lines affected by a decrease in the leaf chlorophyll content typically experience a
biomass loss. A known major problem of the chlorophyll-deficient wheat mutants is their …

Mitochondria and chloroplasts depend upon each other; photosynthesis provides substrates
for mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial metabolism is essential for sustaining …

Ferredoxins (FDX) and the FDX: NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR) represent a key junction of
electron transport downstream of photosystem I (PSI). Dynamic recruitment of FNR to the …

Abstract Ferredoxin–NADP+ reductase (FNR) catalyzes the last step of linear electron
transfer in photosynthetic light reactions. The FAD cofactor of FNR accepts two electrons …

During photosynthesis, electron transport is necessary for carbon assimilation and must be
regulated to minimize free radical damage. There is a longstanding controversy over the role …

In linear photosynthetic electron transport, ferredoxin: NADP (H) oxidoreductase (FNR)
transfers electrons from ferredoxin (Fd) to NADP+. Both NADPH and reduced Fd (Fdred) are …