Addiction was suggested to emerge from the progressive dominance of habits over goal-
directed behaviors. However, it is generally assumed that habits do not persist in choice …

Habits are an important mechanism by which organisms can automate the control of
behavior to alleviate cognitive demand. However, transitions to habitual control are risky …

The shift in control from dorsomedial to dorsolateral striatum during skill and habit formation
has been well established, but whether striatal subregions orchestrate this shift …

Apathy and impulsivity are debilitating conditions associated with many neuropsychiatric
conditions, and expressed to variable degrees in healthy people. While some theories …

People are more likely to engage in various suboptimal behaviors such as overeating,
addictive behaviors, and short-sighted financial decision-making when they are under …

Theories of addiction posit a deficit in goal-directed behavior and an increased propensity
toward habitual actions in individuals with substance use disorders. Control over drug intake …

Instrumental learning is controlled by two distinct parallel systems: goal-directed (action-
outcome) and habitual (stimulus-response) processes. Seminal research by Schwabe and …

Voluntary behaviors (operants) can come in two varieties: Goal‐directed actions, which are
emitted based on the remembered value of the reinforcer, and habits, which are evoked by …

Background Pavlovian stimuli predictive of appetitive outcomes can exert a powerful
influence on the selection and initiation of action, a phenomenon termed outcome-selective …

Highlights•Animals use varied and not necessarily task-dependent experiential information
to guide their decisions and/or actions.•Naturalistic and continuous approaches to studying …