Francisella tularensis has been recognized as a human pathogen for almost 100 years and
is the etiological agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia. Soon after its discovery, it became …

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious aerosolizable intracellular pathogen that is
capable of causing a debilitating or fatal disease with doses as low as 25 colony-forming …

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious, facultative intracellular bacterium which causes
epidemics of tularemia in both humans and mammals at regular intervals. The natural …

Francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia, is an intracellular pathogen, but little is known
about the compartment in which it resides in human macrophages. We have examined the …

Intracellular bacterial pathogens evade the bactericidal functions of mammalian cells by
physical escape from their phagosome and replication into the cytoplasm or through the …

Caspase-1, also known as interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-converting enzyme (ICE), regulates
antimicrobial host defense, tissue repair, tumorigenesis, metabolism and membrane …

Intracellular bacterial pathogens cause a wide range of diseases and significantly contribute
to the morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases worldwide (1‐16)(Table 1) …

The facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent and
contagious organism, and little is known about its intracellular survival mechanisms. We …

Phagocytic leukocytes such as neutrophils and macrophages are essential for the innate
immune response against invading bacteria. Binding and ingestion of bacteria by these host …

Francisella tularensis is able to survive and grow within macrophages, a trait that contributes
to pathogenesis. Several genes have been identified that are important for intramacrophage …