This paper reviews that cell-mediated-immune (CMI) activation and inflammation contribute
to depressive symptoms, including anhedonia; anxiety-like behaviors; fatigue and somatic …

Glia plays a crucial role in the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis in the central nervous
system. The microglial production of immune factors is believed to play an important role in …

In a large proportion of individuals nervous system damage may lead to a debilitating
chronic neuropathic pain. Such pain may now be considered a neuro-immune disorder …

Osteoarthritis is a chronic and painful disease of synovial joints. Chondrocytes, synovial
cells and other cells in the joint can express and respond to cytokines and chemokines, and …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) can result in chronic low back pain, a common cause
of morbidity and disability. Inflammation has been associated with IVD degeneration …

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex, multi-symptom condition that predominantly affects women.
The majority of those affected are unlikely to gain significant symptomatic control from the …

Objective Somatization is a symptom cluster characterized by 'psychosomatic'symptoms, that
is, medically unexplained symptoms, and is a common component of other conditions …

Recent evidence implicates an adaptive immune response in the central nervous system
(CNS) mechanisms of neuropathic pain. This review identifies how neuropathic pain alters …

Background At low doses, naltrexone (LDN) has been shown to modulate inflammation
through the interruption of microglial cell activation within the central nervous system. One of …

The release of inflammatory mediators from immune and glial cells either in the peripheral or
CNS may have an important role in the development of physiopathological processes such …