In cells, both newly synthesized and pre-existing proteins are constantly endangered by
misfolding and aggregation. The accumulation of damaged proteins can perturb cellular …

Accidental and intended Ricinus communis intoxications in humans and animals have been
known for centuries but the causative agent remained elusive until 1888 when Stillmark …

Molecular chaperones are well known as facilitators of protein folding and assembly.
However, in recent years multiple chaperone-assisted degradation pathways have also …

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are EC3. 2.32. 22 N-glycosidases that recognize a
universally conserved stem-loop structure in 23S/25S/28S rRNA, depurinating a single …

A number of protein toxins bind at the surface of mammalian cells and after endocytosis
traffic to the endoplasmic reticulum, where the toxic A chains are liberated from the …

Ricin can be isolated from the seeds of the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis). It belongs
to the ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) family of toxins classified as a bio-threat agent due …

The heterodimeric plant toxin ricin binds exposed galactosyls at the cell surface of target
mammalian cells, and, following endocytosis, is transported in vesicular carriers to the …

The term ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) is used to denominate proteins mostly of plant
origin, which have N-glycosidase enzymatic activity leading to a complete destruction of the …

Plant ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) toxins are EC3. 2.2. 22 N-glycosidases, found
among most plant species encoded as small gene families, distributed in several tissues …

To interfere with cell function, many scientists rely on methods that target DNA or RNA due to
the ease with which they can be applied. Proteins are usually the final executors of function …