Plaguing humans for more than two millennia, manifest on every continent studied, and with
more than one billion patients having an attack in any year, migraine stands as the sixth …

In experiments conducted over 60 years ago, the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) was
identified as a critical neuroanatomical substrate for motivated behavior. Electrical …

During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly
vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities …

Accumulated evidence from genetic animal models suggests that the brain, particularly the
hypothalamus, has a key role in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose …

Narcolepsy is a disabling sleep disorder affecting humans and animals. It is characterized
by daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and striking transitions from wakefulness into rapid eye …

Murine and canine narcolepsy can be caused by mutations of the hypocretin (Hcrt)(orexin)
precursor or Hcrt receptor genes. In contrast to these animal models, most human …

We explored the role of hypocretins in human narcolepsy through histopathology of six
narcolepsy brains and mutation screening of Hcrt, Hcrtr1 and Hcrtr2 in 74 patients of various …

Orexins (hypocretins) are neuropeptides synthesized in the central nervous system
exclusively by neurons of the lateral hypothalamus. Orexin‐containing neurons have …

Feeding provides substrate for energy metabolism, which is vital to the survival of every
living animal and therefore is subject to intense regulation by brain homeostatic and hedonic …

The Dual Center Model for Regulation of Feeding paraventricular nucleus is a major source
of input to the Most neuroscientists have grown up with the classic sympathetic and …