Chloroplasts play a crucial role in sustaining life on earth. The availability of over 800
sequenced chloroplast genomes from a variety of land plants has enhanced our …

Free‐living cyanobacteria were entrapped by eukaryotic cells~ 2 billion years ago, ultimately
giving rise to chloroplasts. After a century of debate, the presence of chloroplast DNA was …

Electro-optic modulators are an indispensable part of photonic communication systems,
largely dictating the achievable transmission rate. Recent advances in materials and …

Abstract Background Polystachya Hook. is a large pantropical orchid genus (c. 240 species)
distributed in Africa, southern Asia and the Americas, with the center of diversity in Africa …

Despite progress based on multilocus, phylogenetic studies of the palms (order Arecales,
family Arecaceae), uncertainty remains in resolution/support among major clades and for the …

Background Paphiopedilum is the largest genus of slipper orchids. Previous studies showed
that the phylogenetic relationships of this genus are not well resolved, and sparse taxon …

Orchidaceae is the 3rd largest family of angiosperms, an evolved young branch of
monocotyledons. This family contains a number of economically-important horticulture and …

In order to understand the evolution of the orchid plastome, we annotated and compared
124 complete plastomes of Orchidaceae representing all the major lineages in their …

Background The taxonomy and infrageneric delimitation of Phalaenopsis Blume has been
significantly disputed due to some overlapping morphological features between species …

• Premise of the study: Land‐plant plastid genomes have only rarely undergone significant
changes in gene content and order. Thus, discovery of additional examples adds power to …