Mitochondria are a main source of cellular energy. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is
the major process of aerobic respiration. Enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain …

Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Mitochondria are key cell organelles in that they are responsible for energy production and
control many processes from signalling to cell death. The function of the mitochondrial …

Breathing is a well-described, vital and surprisingly complex behaviour, with behavioural
and physiological outputs that are easy to directly measure. Key neural elements for …

Astrocytes functionally interact with neurons and with other brain cells. Although not
electrically excitable, astrocytes display a complex repertoire of intracellular Ca2+ signalling …

The world's population aging progression renders age‐related neurodegenerative diseases
to be one of the biggest unsolved problems of modern society. Despite the progress in …

Mitochondria are unique and essential organelles that mediate many vital cellular processes
including energy metabolism and cell death. The transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45 …

Neurodegenerative disorders are currently incurable devastating diseases which are
characterized by the slow and progressive loss of neurons in specific brain regions …

The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor for arterial respiratory gases O2
and CO2 and pH, eliciting reflex ventilatory, cardiovascular, and humoral responses to …

Migraine can be regarded as a conserved, adaptive response that occurs in genetically
predisposed individuals with a mismatch between the brain's energy reserve and workload …