Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are complex entities with heterogenous pathophysiologic
mechanisms and increased oxidative stress has been viewed as one of the potential …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent production of ROS underlies sustained
oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in mediating both physiological
and pathophysiological signal transduction. Enzymes and subcellular compartments that …

Vascular calcification is associated with a significant increase in all-cause mortality and
atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Calcification has been determined to be an active process …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and
pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the …

Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)–producing systems in vascular wall include NADPH
(reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase …

Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are
active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life …

Inflammasomes are intracellular complexes involved in the innate immunity that convert
proIL‐1β and proIL‐18 to mature forms and initiate pyroptosis via cleaving procaspase‐1 …

In the vascular wall, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by several enzyme
systems including NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide …

Significance: Oxidative stress, an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production
versus consumption, may be involved in the pathogenesis of different diseases. The only …