A numerical model has been developed which is capable of simulating all phases of the life
cycle of metallic ions, and results are described and interpreted herein for the typical case of …

This paper presents a climatological global view on the spatial structure and interannual
variability of the high-frequency migrating quarterdiurnal tide (QW4) built on a large statistics …

Sporadic E layers (E s) follow regular daily patterns in variability and altitude descent, which
are determined primarily by the vertical tidal wind shears in the lower thermosphere. In the …

We present an extensive analysis of tidal and planetary waves in the altitude range of 94 to
144 km for the January 20–30, 1993, period using the temperature and winds measured by …

The GPS radio occultation (RO) technique is used to study sporadic E (Es) layer plasma
irregularities of the Earth's ionosphere on a global scale using GPS signal-to-noise ratio …

The role of the molecular and metallic ions in the formation of sporadic E layers (Es layers)
has been an active area of research for many years. Ionosonde data of the Es layer …

The paper presents climatology of the poorly known, particularly at high latitudes, short-
period (8-and 6-h) tides observed by meteor radars at high latitudinal stations Tromsø (70° …

Long sequences of ionograms from three European mid-latitude ionospheric stations
(Athens, Nicosia, and Pruhonice) are examined, by applying the 'height–time–intensity'(HTI) …

This paper presents observations and modeling of the 6‐hour tide. Radar observations of
horizontal winds at Esrange (68° N, 21° E) indicate that this tidal periodicity is a consistent …

Time series analysis was performed on a large database of ionosonde recordings taken
over 12 years, for the 6‐month period from the beginning of May to the end of October when …