Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles newly formed during autophagy to engulf
a wide range of intracellular material and transport this autophagic cargo to lysosomes (or …

Macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved dynamic pathway that functions primarily in
a degradative manner. A basal level of macroautophagy occurs constitutively, but this …

Autophagosome formation in yeast entails starvation-induced assembly of the pre-
autophagosomal structure (PAS), in which multiple Atg1 complexes (composed of Atg1 …

Highlights•Atg13 facilitates autophagy initiation complex formation and supramolecular
assembly.•Autophagy-specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex has a V-shaped …

Autophagy plays a critical role in cell metabolism by degrading and recycling internal
components when challenged with limited nutrients. This fundamental and conserved …

Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles that sequester cytoplasmic material for
lysosomal degradation. Their biogenesis is initiated by recruitment of Atg9-vesicles to the …

Plants can be considered an open system. Throughout their life cycle, plants need to
exchange material, energy and information with the outside world. To improve their survival …

Research in biomedical sciences has changed dramatically over the past fifty years. There is
no doubt that the discovery of apoptosis and autophagy as two highly synchronized and …

Autophagy is a conserved cellular recycling and trafficking pathway in eukaryotes that plays
an important role in cell growth, development, and pathogenicity. Atg1 and Atg13 form the …

One of the central regulators of cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism is the mammalian
target of rapamycin, mTOR, which exists in two structurally and functionally different …