An entirely unknown species of coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in December
2019. COVID-19 has already affected more than 180 million people causing~ 3.91 million …

Free radicals (FRs) are unstable molecules that cause reactive stress (RS), an imbalance
between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the body and its ability to neutralize them …

Calcium supplementation and fortification are strategies widely used to prevent adverse
outcome in population with low-calcium intake which is highly frequent in low-income …

Background Vitamins and minerals are essential for growth and maintenance of a healthy
body, and have a role in the functioning of almost every organ. Multiple interventions have …

Fruit juices are low-fat, non-alcoholic, lactose-free, and nutritious beverages that are highly
desired by consumers. However, fruit juices undergo microbial, enzymatic, and chemical …

Background and Objectives: An adequate level of maternal vitamin D is essential for
maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. We examined the relationship between lifestyle …

Daily calcium intake is well below current recommendations in most low-and middle-income
countries (LMICs). Calcium intake is usually related to bone health, however an adequate …

There is a higher demand for calorie-reduced foods. In the dairy industry, fat is separated to
produce low-calorie products and fat-soluble vitamins such as A and D are also removed …

Background: Although several studies have reported on the prevalence of micronutrients in
Saudi Arabia, most frequently vitamin D and iron, they are either old or hospital-or primary …

Vitamin D deficiency is currently a worldwide epidemic. Middle Eastern countries, including
Saudi Arabia, have high vitamin D deficiency prevalence, most prominently among women …