Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled process that leads to cell suicide in
both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. In plants PCD occurs during development …

Pathogen recognition by the plant immune system leads to defense responses that are often
accompanied by a form of regulated cell death known as the hypersensitive response (HR) …

Metacaspases are cysteine proteases that are present in plants, protists, fungi, and bacteria.
Previously, we found that physical damage, eg, pinching with forceps or grinding on liquid …

Stress granules (SGs) are highly conserved cytoplasmic condensates that assemble in
response to stress and contribute to maintaining protein homeostasis. These membraneless …

The hypersensitive response (HR) is a plant defence reaction triggered by activation of
immune receptors upon pathogen recognition. It results in rapid cell death at the attempted …

Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are found in all kingdoms of life and play essential roles
in multiple physiological processes. Owing to the diversity of the superfamily, phylogenetic …

Cell death can be driven by a genetically programmed signalling pathway known as
programmed cell death (PCD). In plants, PCD occurs during development as well as in …

Initially found to be critically involved in inflammation and apoptosis, caspases have since
then been implicated in the regulation of various signaling pathways in animals. How …

Metacaspases (MCs) are structural homologs of mammalian caspases found in plants, fungi,
and protozoa. Type‐I MCs carry an N‐terminal prodomain, the function of which is unclear …

Proteases are among the key regulators of most forms of programmed cell death (PCD) in
animals. Many PCD processes have also been associated with protease expression or …