In recent years, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led
to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment. However, the fact that many tumors …

The aged adaptive immune system is characterized by progressive dysfunction as well as
increased autoimmunity. This decline is responsible for elevated susceptibility to infection …

Autophagy is a regulated mechanism that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular
components and recycles metabolic substrates. In response to stress signals in the tumour …

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are essential for immune tolerance, but also drive
immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment. Therapeutic targeting of Treg cells in …

Adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells and B cells are crucial for protective
immunity against pathogens and tumors. Differentiation and function of immune cells require …

Autophagy, a multistep lysosomal degradation pathway that supports nutrient recycling and
metabolic adaptation, has been implicated as a process that regulates cancer. Although …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress abnormal/excessive immune responses to self‐and
nonself‐antigens to maintain immune homeostasis. In tumor immunity, Treg cells are …

Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for the inflammation that underlies age-associated
diseases; thus, anti-inflammaging drugs hold promise for increasing health span. Cytokine …

Naive T cells are actively maintained in a quiescent state that promotes their survival and
persistence. On antigen stimulation, T cells exit quiescence to initiate clonal expansion and …

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process induced under various conditions of
cellular stress, which prevents cell damage and promotes survival in the event of energy or …