Neutron stars are natural physical laboratories allowing us to study a plethora of
phenomena in extreme conditions. In particular, these compact objects can have very strong …

In this brief review, I summarize our basic knowledge about different types of isolated
neutron stars. I discuss radio pulsars, central compact objects in supernova remnants …

We consider the current observed ensemble of pulsing ultraluminous X-ray sources
(PULXs). We show that all of their observed properties (luminosity, spin period, and spin-up …

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) were identified as a separate class of objects in 2000
based on data from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. These are unique objects: their X-ray …

Stars of spectral types O and B produce neutron stars (NSs) after supernova explosions.
Most of NSs are strongly magnetized including normal radio pulsars with B∝ 1012 G and …

The first pulsating ultraluminous X-ray source (PULX) to be identified is M82 X-2. After the
discovery in 2014, NuSTAR observed the M82 field 15 times throughout 2015 and 2016. In …

The high-mass X-ray binary LS I+ 61 303 is also cataloged as a gamma-ray binary as a
result of frequent outbursts at TeV photon energies. The system has released two soft …

Identifying the compact object in ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) has to date required
detection of pulsations or a cyclotron resonance scattering feature (CRSF), indicating a …

The well-known Bayes theorem assumes that a posterior distribution is a probability
distribution. However, the posterior distribution may no longer be a probability distribution if …

Recently, Parthsarathy et al. analysed long-term timing observations of 85 young radio
pulsars. They found that 15 objects have absolute values of braking indices ranging∼ 10 …