Contrast has traditionally been produced in electron-microscopy of weak phase objects by
simply defocusing the objective lens. There now is renewed interest, however, in using …

We describe a phase plate for transmission electron microscopy taking advantage of a
hitherto-unknown phenomenon, namely a beam-induced Volta potential on the surface of a …

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a powerful tool for macromolecular to near-atomic
resolution structure determination in the biological sciences. The specimen is maintained in …

First results on the experimental realisation of a 2× 2 programmable phase plate for
electrons are presented. The design consists of an array of electrostatic elements that …

In this paper, we review the current state of phase plate imaging in a transmission electron
microscope. We focus especially on the hole-free phase plate design, also referred to as the …

Cryo-EM of large, macromolecular assemblies has seen a significant increase in the
numbers of high-resolution structures since the arrival of direct electron detectors. However …

Electron cryo-tomography is a powerful tool in structural biology, capable of visualizing the
three-dimensional structure of biological samples, such as cells, organelles, membrane …

Imaging of biomolecules by ionizing radiation, such as electrons, causes radiation damage
which introduces structural and compositional changes of the specimen. The total number of …

A Boersch phase plate can shift the phase of electrons proportionally to the applied
electrical potential, thereby allowing for in situ control of the electron phase shift. A device …

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for imaging nanostructures, yet
its capability is limited with respect to the imaging of organic materials because of the …