Tumors are comprised of both cancer cells and surrounding stromal components. As an
essential part of the tumor microenvironment, the tumor stroma is highly dynamic …

Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are
active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life …

The tumor microenvironment significantly influences therapeutic response and clinical
outcome. Microenvironment-mediated drug resistance can be induced by soluble factors …

Globally, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents the most prevalent type of
kidney cancer. Surgery plays a key role in the treatment of this cancer, although one third of …

Simple Summary For the research and development of drug discovery, it is of prime
importance to construct the three-dimensional (3D) tissue models in vitro. To this end, the …

Angiogenesis is a vital process for the growth and dissemination of solid cancers. Numerous
molecular pathways are known to drive angiogenic switch in cancer cells promoting the …

Vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF-TKIs) have been the
mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Despite its …

Renal cell carcinoma is the third type of urologic cancer and has a poor prognosis with 30%
of metastatic patients at diagnosis. The antiangiogenics and targeted immunotherapies led …

Tumor metastasis is the main cause of cancer‐related death. Understanding the molecular
mechanisms underlying tumor metastasis is crucial to control this fatal disease. Several …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in cancer development and
progression. It represents a complex network of cancer cell (sub-) clones and a variety of …