The prevalence and cost of chronic pain is a major physical and mental health care problem
in the United States today. As a result, there has been a recent explosion of research on …

This review is directed at understanding how neuronal death occurs in two distinct insults,
global ischemia and focal ischemia. These are the two principal rodent models for human …

Background—This review article deals with the role of calcium in ischemic cell death. A
calcium-related mechanism was proposed more than two decades ago to explain cell …

Both reactive dopamine metabolites and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in
the neurodegeneration of Parkinson's disease. Dopamine metabolites, dopamine quinone …

Uric acid is a well‐known natural antioxidant present in fluids and tissues throughout the
body. Oxyradical production and cellular calcium overload are believed to contribute to the …

Abstract Objective: There are approximately 8.5 million Alzheimer disease (AD) patients who
need anesthesia and surgery care every year. The inhalation anesthetic isoflurane, but not …

Experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) result in a rapid and
significant necrosis of neuronal tissue at the site of injury. In the ensuing hours and days …

Brain inflammation has been implicated in the development of brain edema and secondary
brain damage in ischemia and trauma. Adhesion molecules, cytokines and leukocyte …

Experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a rapid and significant necrosis of cortical
tissue at the site of injury. In the ensuring hours and days, secondary injury exacerbates the …

Brain ischemia triggers a complex cascade of molecular events that unfolds over hours to
days. Identified mechanisms of postischemic neuronal injury include altered Ca2+ …