Strong lensing is a powerful tool to address three major astrophysical issues: understanding
the spatial distribution of mass at kiloparsec and subkiloparsec scale, where baryons and …

Gravitational lensing has developed into one of the most powerful tools for the analysis of
the dark universe. This review summarizes the theory of gravitational lensing, its main …

We present the fifth edition of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Quasar Catalog, which is
based upon the SDSS Seventh Data Release. The catalog, which contains 105,783 …

Cadenced optical imaging surveys in the next decade will be capable of detecting time-
varying galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses in large numbers, increasing the size of the …

We report the spectroscopic follow-up of 175 lensed quasar candidates selected using Gaia
Data Release 2 observations following Paper III of this series. Systems include 86 confirmed …

We present the definitive data for the full sample of 131 strong gravitational lens candidates
observed with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard the Hubble Space …

Dual supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at∼ kiloparsec scales are the progenitor
population of SMBH mergers and play an important role in understanding the pairing and …

Galaxy mergers produce pairs of supermassive black holes (SMBHs), which may be
witnessed as dual quasars if both SMBHs are rapidly accreting. The kiloparsec (kpc)-scale …

We study the mass distribution of a sample of 28 galaxy clusters using strong and weak
lensing observations. The clusters are selected via their strong lensing properties as part of …

We present the final statistical sample of lensed quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
(SDSS) Quasar Lens Search (SQLS). The well-defined statistical lens sample consists of 26 …