Many of the ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are unique to microorganisms, such that
receptor activation unequivocally indicates the presence of something foreign. However, a …

The study of innate immunity and its link to inflammation and host defense encompasses
diverse areas of biology, ranging from genetics and biophysics to signal transduction and …

Besides their role in cell metabolism, mitochondria display many other functions.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the own genome of the organelle, plays an important role in …

Background/Aim. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal biomolecules in the immune system.
Today, we are all aware of the importance of TLRs in bridging innate and adaptive immune …

All lifeforms have developed highly sophisticated systems equipped to detect altered self
and non-self nucleic acids (NA). In vertebrates, NA-sensing receptors safeguard the integrity …

Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system through germline-encoded
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). As most microbial pathogens contain DNA and/or …

First evidence of geometrical patterns and defined distances of biomolecules as
fundamental parameters to regulate receptor binding and cell signaling have emerged …

METHODS We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study to enroll patients with
COVID-19 and collect plasma samples. Plasma cfDNA was subject to bisulfite sequencing …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial
inflammation, pannus formation, and bone and cartilage damage. It has a high disability …

Recognition of pathogen-derived nucleic acids by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) is
essential for eliciting antiviral immune responses by inducing the production of type I …