Neurodegenerative disorders are currently incurable devastating diseases which are
characterized by the slow and progressive loss of neurons in specific brain regions …

Abstract Knowledge gained over the past 10 years about the mechanisms that underpin
autophagy has provided a universal framework for studies of diverse physiological and …

Mechanisms of protein homeostasis are crucial for overseeing the clearance of misfolded
and toxic proteins over the lifetime of an organism, thereby ensuring the health of neurons …

The loss of skeletal muscle mass under a wide range of acute and chronic maladies is
associated with poor prognosis, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Decades of …

Skeletal muscle is a plastic organ that is maintained by multiple pathways regulating cell
and protein turnover. During muscle atrophy, proteolytic systems are activated, and …

In the fatal disease—amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)—upper (corticospinal) motor
neurons (MNs) and lower somatic MNs, which innervate voluntary muscles, degenerate …

FOXO transcription factors are conserved regulators of longevity downstream of insulin
signaling. These transcription factors integrate signals emanating from nutrient deprivation …

Loss of muscle mass and force occurs in many diseases such as disuse/inactivity, diabetes,
cancer, renal, and cardiac failure and in aging-sarcopenia. In these catabolic conditions the …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a wide class of disorders of the central nervous
system (CNS) with unknown etiology. Several factors were hypothesized to be involved in …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are small and highly reactive molecules that can oxidize
proteins, lipids and DNA. When tightly controlled, ROS serve as signaling molecules by …