Abstract Organs-on-chips (OoCs), also known as microphysiological systems or 'tissue
chips'(the terms are synonymous), have attracted substantial interest in recent years owing …

Simple Summary Cell cultures can be carried out in three dimensions (3D). Organoids and
spheroids are different 3D cell culture models that can be cultured with different techniques …

Cancer development is highly associated to the physiological state of the tumor
microenvironment (TME). Despite the existing heterogeneity of tumors from the same or from …

Recent studies have demonstrated an array of stem cell–derived, self-organizing miniature
organs, termed organoids, that replicate the key structural and functional characteristics of …

In recent years considerable progress has been made in the development of faithful
procedures for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). An important step …

Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death, despite enormous efforts to explore
cancer biology and develop anticancer therapies. The main challenges in cancer research …

Cancer metastasis is no longer viewed as a linear cascade of events but rather as a series
of concurrent, partially overlapping processes, as successfully metastasizing cells assume …

Cancer is a complex disease in which both genetic defects and microenvironmental
components contribute to the development, progression, and metastasization of disease …

Tumor vasculature creates a hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) in vivo and nourishes
cancers, resulting in cancer progression and drug resistance. To mimic the biochemical and …

Recreating human organ–level function in vitro is a rapidly evolving field that integrates
tissue engineering, stem cell biology, and microfluidic technology to produce 3D organoids …