Recent advances in neuroscience have made it possible to investigate the pathophysiology
of alcoholism at a cellular and molecular level. Evidence indicates that ethanol affects …

Alcohol‐related peripheral neuropathy (ALN) is a potentially debilitating complication of
alcoholism that results in sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction. Unfortunately, ALN is …

Acetylcholine and other muscarinic agonists stimulate the proliferation of rat cortical
astrocytes and 132 1N1 human astrocytoma cells by activating muscarinic m3 cholinergic …

Recognition of the relationship between alcohol abuse and adverse prenatal outcomes is
reflected in the warning labels on every alcoholic beverage sold in the United States …

Ethanol administration during the rat brain growth spurt triggers apoptotic
neurodegeneration that appears to be mediated by caspase‐3 activation. In order to gain …

▪ Abstract Signal transduction is the process by which specific information is transferred from
the cell surface to the cytosol and ultimately to the nucleus, leading to changes in gene …

Central nervous system dysfunctions (most notably mental retardation and microcephaly)
are among the most significant effects of in utero exposure to ethanol. Ethanol has been …

In the USA, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the leading known cause of mental retardation.
FAS is estimated to affect 4000 infants yearly in the USA with an additional 7000 children …

In animal models of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), the hippocampus has been shown to be
especially sensitive to the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure, exhibiting neuronal loss and …

Substance abuse and dependence is the most common psychiatric problem. Alcohol is the
most commonly abused substance and most people who abuse other substance (s) abuse …