The brain has almost no energy reserve, but its activity coordinates organismal function, a
burden that requires precise coupling between neurotransmission and energy metabolism …

Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators have a wide range of key roles throughout the
nervous system. However, their dynamics in both health and disease have been challenging …

Multimodal astrocyte–neuron communications govern brain circuitry assembly and function.
For example, through rapid glutamate release, astrocytes can control excitability, plasticity …

A fundamental challenge in fluorescence microscopy is the photon shot noise arising from
the inevitable stochasticity of photon detection. Noise increases measurement uncertainty …

The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into
light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells …

In vivo two-photon calcium imaging (2PCI) is a technique used for recording neuronal
activity in the intact brain. It is based on the principle that, when neurons fire action …

β-amyloid (Aβ)–dependent neuronal hyperactivity is believed to contribute to the circuit
dysfunction that characterizes the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although …

Striatal dopamine and acetylcholine are essential for the selection and reinforcement of
motor actions and decision-making. In vitro studies have revealed an intrastriatal circuit in …

Intensiometric genetically encoded biosensors, based on allosteric modulation of the
fluorescence of a single fluorescent protein, are powerful tools for enabling imaging of …

Oxytocin (OT), a peptide hormone and neuromodulator, is involved in diverse physiological
and pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system and the periphery …