Various forms of fibrosis, comprising tissue thickening and scarring, are involved in 40% of
deaths across the world. Since the discovery of scarless functional healing in fetuses prior to …

The innate immune system has the capacity to detect 'non-self'molecules derived from
pathogens, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, via pattern recognition …

Macrophages play an important role in tissue homeostasis, tissue remodeling, immune
response, and progression of cancer. Consequently, macrophages exhibit significant …

Macrophages are a highly heterogeneous and plastic population of cells that are crucial for
tissue repair and regeneration. This has made macrophages a particularly attractive target …

Microglia respond to CNS injuries and diseases with complex reactions, often called
“activation.” A pro-inflammatory phenotype (also called classical or M1 activation) lies at one …

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a pro-inflammatory
immune receptor potentiating acute lung injury (ALI). However, the mechanism of TREM-1 …

Central nervous system B cells have several potential roles in multiple sclerosis (MS):
secretors of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, presenters of autoantigens to T …

Myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can exist in immunosuppressive and
immunostimulatory states that impede or promote antitumor immunity, respectively. Blocking …

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 1 (TREM1) plays a critical role in
development of chronic inflammatory disorders and the inflamed tumor microenvironment …

Objective Although anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) therapies represent a
major breakthrough in IBD therapy, their cost–benefit ratio is hampered by an overall 30 …