Stingless bees form perennial colonies of honey-making insects. The> 600 species of
stingless bees, mainly Neotropical, live throughout tropical latitudes. Foragers influence …

In recent decades, the interest in complexity of ant‐plant relationships has increased
considerably. However, because the spatial and biological information generated on ant …

Interactions between ants and plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are among the
most common mutualisms in Neotropical regions. Plants secrete extrafloral nectar, a …

Abstract Background and Aims Ant–plant associations are widely diverse and distributed
throughout the world, leading to complex ecological networks. Regarding ant–plant …

There is increasing evidence that the outcomes of mutualistic interactions between ants and
plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are context‐dependent. In particular, the total …

Despite the increasing number of studies dealing with interaction networks in the last few
years, there is still a lack of knowledge about how their structural organization are affected …

Ant–plant associations are ubiquitous and highly diverse in almost all terrestrial
environments, resulting in complex ecological networks. Although ant–plant mutualism is …

Direct and indirect negative interactions between ant guards and pollinators on ant-plants
are expected for two reasons. First, aggressive ants may deter pollinators directly. Second …

Biotic defenses, often called indirect defenses, are relationships in which one organism
attracts predators of its own enemies. A classic example of biotic defense is the ant-plant …

This chapter provides an introduction to the book Measuring Arthropod Biodiversity: A
Handbook of Sampling Methods. With more than 1.2 million described species, the …