Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that recognize pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in microbial species. Among the various …

Antigen-and adjuvant-based bioconjugates that can stimulate the immune system play an
important role in vaccine applications. Bioconjugates have demonstrated unique …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 8 agonists are potential vaccine adjuvants, since they directly
activate APCs and enhance Th1-driven immune responses. Previous SAR investigations in …

Infectious diseases impose serious public health burdens and often have devastating
consequences. The cyclic lipopeptides elaborated by bacteria Bacillus, Paenibacillus …

Human Toll-like receptor 8 (hTLR8) is expressed in myeloid dendritic cells, monocytes, and
monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Engagement by TLR8 agonists evokes a distinct cytokine …

Small-molecule agonists have been identified for TLR7, TLR8, TLR4 and TLR2 thus far, and
chemotypes other than those of canonical ligands are yet to be explored for a number of …

A screen conducted with nearly 100000 compounds and a surrogate functional assay for
stimulation of an immune response that measured the release of TNF-α from treated human …

Subunit vaccines offer a means to produce safer, more defined vaccines compared to
traditional whole microorganism approaches. Subunit antigens, however, exhibit weak …

The induction of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-dependent type I interferons (IFN-α/β) from
plasmacytoid dendritic cells as well as the production of TLR8-dependent type II interferon …