Pathogenic RNA viruses are potentially the most important group involved in zoonotic
disease transmission, and they represent a challenge for global disease control. Their …

Antigenic characterization of emerging and re-emerging viruses is necessary for the
prevention of and response to outbreaks, evaluation of infection mechanisms …

Under selective pressure from the host immune system, antigenic epitopes of influenza virus
hemagglutinin (HA) have continually evolved to escape antibody recognition, termed …

Suboptimal vaccine effectiveness against seasonal influenza is a significant public health
concern, partly explained by antigenic differences between vaccine viruses and viruses …

Background Pregnant women are prioritized for seasonal influenza vaccination, but the
evidence on the risk of influenza during pregnancy that is used to inform these policies is …

After a pandemic wave in 2009 following their introduction in the human population, the
H1N1pdm09 viruses replaced the previously circulating, pre-pandemic H1N1 virus and …

Influenza virus, a highly mutable respiratory pathogen, causes significant disease nearly
every year. Current vaccines are designed to protect against circulating influenza strains of a …

Background Influenza surveillance is necessary for detection of emerging variants of
epidemiologic and clinical significance. This study describes the epidemiology of influenza …

Influenza viral evolution presents a formidable challenge to vaccination due to the virus'
ability to rapidly mutate to evade immune responses. Live influenza infections generate …

Background Respiratory viral infections (RVI) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We
compared the epidemiology and severity of RVI in Ecuador during 2009–2016. Methods …