With the centenary of the first descriptions of 'hypersensitiveness' following pathogenic
challenge upon us, it is appropriate to assess our current understanding of the …

It is commonly known that animal pathogens often target and suppress programmed cell
death (pcd) pathway components to manipulate their hosts. In contrast, plant pathogens …

There is increasing evidence that nitric oxide (NO), which was first identified as a unique
diffusible molecular messenger in animals, plays important roles in diverse (patho) …

Proteases, though essentially indispensable to the maintenance and survival of their host
organisms, can be potentially damaging when overexpressed or present in higher …

The fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis establishes a biotrophic relationship with its host plant
maize (Zea mays). Hallmarks of the disease are large plant tumours in which fungal …

Proteolytic enzymes are intricately involved in many aspects of plant physiology and
development. On the one hand, they are necessary for protein turnover. Degradation of …

The organization of redox signaling and the use of nitric oxide (NO) to transmit information,
modulate biological processes or create cellular damage are highly complex. Recent reports …

Relatively little is known about programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. It is nonetheless
suggested here that tonoplast rupture and the subsequent rapid destruction of the cytoplasm …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of global environmental concern because they
cause many health problems including cancer and inflammation of tissue in humans. Plants …

The continual need to increase food production necessitates the development and
application of novel biotechnologies to enable the provision of improved crop varieties in a …