The germinal center (GC) is a specialized microstructure that forms in secondary lymphoid
tissues, producing long-lived antibody secreting plasma cells and memory B cells, which …

Germinal centers (GCs) were described more than 125 years ago as compartments within
secondary lymphoid organs that contained mitotic cells. Since then, it has become clear that …

Secondary lymphoid tissues share the important function of bringing together antigens and
rare antigen‐specific lymphocytes to foster induction of adaptive immune responses. Peyer's …

The germinal center (GC) reaction produces high-affinity antibodies by random mutation and
selective clonal expansion of B cells with high-affinity receptors. The mechanism by which B …

Efficient generation of germinal center (GC) responses requires directed movement of B
cells between distinct microenvironments underpinned by specialized B cell–interacting …

Prevention of infections by vaccination remains a compelling goal to improve public health.
Mucosal vaccines would make immunization procedures easier, be better suited for mass …

The germinal center (GC) reaction is essential for the generation of the somatically
hypermutated, high-affinity antibodies that mediate adaptive immunity. Entry into the GC is …

B cells are key components of the adaptive immune response. Their differentiation into
either specific memory B cells or antibody-secreting plasma cells is a consequence of …

The complement system of innate immunity is important in regulating humoral immunity
largely through the complement receptor CR2, which forms a coreceptor on B cells during …

The generation of high-affinity antibodies depends on the ability of B cells to extract antigens
from the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells. B cells that express high-affinity B cell …