Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Feeding, which is essential for all animals, is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. In
addition, food consumption is temporally coordinated by the brain over the circadian (~ 24 h) …

In mammalian brains, millions to billions of cells form complex interaction networks to enable
a wide range of functions. The enormous diversity and intricate organization of cells have …

Aging has a profound and devastating effect on the brain. Old age is accompanied by
declining cognitive function and enhanced risk of brain diseases, including cancer and …

The hypothalamus is one of the most complex brain structures involved in homeostatic
regulation. Defining cell composition and identifying cell-type-specific transcriptional …

The cloning of leptin in 1994 was an important milestone in obesity research. In those days
obesity was stigmatized as a condition caused by lack of character and self-control …

Astrocytes are non-neuronal cells that regulate synapses, neuronal circuits, and behavior.
Astrocytes ensheath neuronal synapses to form the tripartite synapse where astrocytes …

The fertility and survival of an individual rely on the ability of the periphery to promptly,
effectively, and reproducibly communicate with brain neural networks that control …

Cerebrospinal fluid conveys many physiologically important signaling factors through the
ventricular cavities of the brain. We investigated the transport of cerebrospinal fluid in the …

Thyroid hormones are important during development of the mammalian brain, acting on
migration and differentiation of neural cells, synaptogenesis, and myelination. The actions of …